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Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Akrotiri and Dhekelia ((ギリシア語:Ακρωτήρι και Δεκέλεια), ; (トルコ語:Ağrotur ve Dikelya)), officially the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, is a British Overseas Territory on the island of Cyprus. The Areas, which include bases and other land, were retained by the British, under the 1960 treaty of independence, agreed and signed by the United Kingdom, Greece, Turkey and representatives from the Greek and Turkish Cypriot communities, which granted independence to the Crown colony of Cyprus. The territory serves an important role as a station for Signals Intelligence and provides a vital strategic part of the United Kingdom communications gathering and monitoring network in the Mediterranean and the Middle East.
The territory comprises two Areas. One is Akrotiri ((ギリシア語:Ακρωτήρι) (:akroˈtiri); (トルコ語:Ağrotur)), or the ''Western Sovereign Base Area'' (''WSBA''), which includes two main bases at RAF Akrotiri and Episkopi Cantonment, plus all of Akrotiri Village's district (including Limassol Salt Lake) and parts of eleven other village districts.〔See map at (Akrotiri Area Office page ) on SBA Administration website〕 The other Area is Dhekelia Cantonment ( (:ðeˈceʎa); ), or the ''Eastern Sovereign Base Area'' (''ESBA''), which includes a base at Ayios Nikolaos plus parts of twelve village districts.〔See map at (Dhekelia Area Office page ) on SBA Administration website〕
==History==
(詳細はTreaty of Establishment, when Cyprus achieved independence from the British Empire. The United Kingdom desired to retain sovereignty over these areas, as this guaranteed the use of UK military bases in Cyprus, including RAF Akrotiri, and a garrison of the British Army. The importance of the bases to the British is based on the strategic location of Cyprus, at the eastern edge of the Mediterranean, close to the Suez Canal and the Middle East; the ability to use the RAF base as staging post for military aircraft; and for training.
In 1974, following a military coup by the Greek-Cypriot National Guard attempting to achieve ''enosis'' (union with Greece), Turkey invaded the north of Cyprus, leading to the establishment of the internationally unrecognised Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. This did not affect the status of the bases. Greek Cypriots fleeing from the Turks were permitted to travel through the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, and were given humanitarian aid, with those from Achna setting up a new village (Dasaki Achnas or Achna Forest) which is still in the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PRIO )〕 The Turkish advance halted when it reached the edge of the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area to avoid military conflict with the United Kingdom. In the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area a tented refugee camp was set up at "Happy Valley" (part of the Episkopi Cantonment)〔See (UN photos ) of the refugee tents, and an account of the camp on the (RAF Akrotiri website )〕 to house Turkish Cypriots fleeing from Limassol and the villages surrounding the Area, until in 1975 they were flown out of RAF Akrotiri via Turkey to northern Cyprus.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PRIO )〕 Some Greek Cypriot refugees remain housed on land in the parts of Trachoni〔See (PRIO Centre report on Trachoni ), and figures for housing units on (Trachoni Village website )〕 and Kolossi〔See (PRIO Centre report on Kolossi )〕 villages that fall within the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area.〔See (Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Motorway and Speed Limits) Order 2008 ) for grid refs and street names for Trachoni, Kolossi and Achna Forest refugee settlements〕
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